Handouts for 1st-year-Japanese Grammar
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Copula, and Topic Particle /wa/
Question Particle /ka/, and Question Word /nani/ 'what'
Genitive /no/
Deictic Pronouns /kore/, /sore/, /are/, and /dore/
Deictic Determiner /kono/, /sono/, /ano/, and /dono/
Question Word /dare-no/ 'whose'
Focus-Sensitive Particle /mo/ 'too'
Polite Form /(i)mas/
Polite Form with Nonperfective Negative Negative /(i)mas-en/
Accusative Case Form /(w)o/
Postposition of Goal /ni/
Postposition of Event-Occuring Place /de/
Postposition of Event-Time /ni/
Temporal Nouns or Adverbs
Frequency or Degree Adverbs
What follows is under construction.
Existential /ar/ or /i/
Copula with Subject Missing plus Topic /wa/
Polite Past /(i)ta/ as in /kaer-imas-ita/ and Negative Past
Polite Past /(i)ita/ as in /des-ita/ and Negative Past
Postpositional Phrase plus Focus-Sensitive Particle /mo/ 'too'
Affirmative and Negative of Adjective + Copula in Polite Style
Past of Adjective + Copula in Polite Style
Nominative /ga/ Functions as Object
Suggestion/Invitation /you/
(for/with/to) Verb [
Present Participle
] /(i)te/
Imperative in Honorific Style /(i)te kudasai/ 'Please do...'
/(i)te-mo ii-desu-ka/ 'May (I/we) ...?' and /(i)te-wa ik-e-mas-en/ ' ...must not... '
V1(i)-te V2 'V2..., V1-ing ...'
Action in Progress and Resultant State /V(i)te i-(mas-u)/
Copula with Subject plus Topic /wa/
"Floating" Quantifier
/I/ or /Na/-Adjective [Adverb] plus /te/ '(with/to/for)
Postposition of Purpose-of-Movement /ni/
Plain Style: Present /(r)u/; /(a)nai/; /i/-adj; /na/-adj-/da/; /na/-adj-/zya nai/
V [
Finite
]-/no/ for Expressing Gerund
Imperative of /not/ V in Honorific Style
Pronouns /nani-ka/ 'something' and /nani-mo/ 'anything'
Plain Style: Past; /(i)ta/; /(a)nak atta/; /i/-adj/ku atta/; /na/adj-/datta/; etc.
Relative Clause