Lesson 5. Grammar Item #1 (p. 100-101)
The sea in Okinawa is beautiful.
·
the sea in Okinawa à おきなわのうみ
· きれいなひと ‘beautiful person’
· きれい な
beautiful be [LV][Present] of Classical Japanese
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Linking Verb be plus /na/-adjective in polite-style PRESENT
à
きれい で す
/na/-adjective minus /na/ being [LV]-to [Polite]-Present Tense
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N.B. The /na/-adjective form minus /na/ is nouny. Linking Verb-/na/-adjective /kirei-desu/ patterns the same as Linking Verb-Noun, e.g., /gakusei-desu/, except for when they modify a noun as in きれいなひと/kirei-na hito/ ‘a beautiful person’, and がくせいのひと/gakusei-no hito/.
1) おきなわのうみは きれいです。
Shinjuku is not quiet.
· しずかなこうえん ‘a quiet park’
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negative of Linking Verb-/na/-Adjective in polite-style PRESENT
à
しずか じゃ
/na/-Adjective minus /na/ being [LV]-to-TOPIC
ありません
ar-imas-en
be [Existential]-[Polite]-Negative
では[1] is contracted, and is pronounced as じゃ in modern Japanese.
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2) しんじゅくは しずかじゃ ありません。
a) I am free (= not busy) today.
b) The person next to me is not healthy.
The school is big.
·
the school à がっこう
· おおきいつくえ ‘a big desk’
· おおきい
ooki-i
/i/-adjective-Present
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Linking Verb be plus /i/-Adjective in polite-style PRESENT
à
おおきい で す
/i/-Adjective-Present being
[LV]-to [Polite]-Present
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N.B. The form /desu/ ‘is’ attaches to the clause of ooki-i ‘big Present’ in order for the clause to get the polite style.
3) がっこうは おおきいです。
My town is not big.
· My town à わたしのまち
· big
à
おおきい (as in おおきいつくえ)
/i/-Adjective-Present Tense[2]
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negative of the Linking Verb be plus /i/-Adjective in polite style PRESENT TENSE
à
おおきく
bigly [Adverbial]
ありません
ar-imas-en
be [Existential]-[Polite]-Negative
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4) わたしのまちは おおきく ありません。
c) Japanese class is not difficult.
d) The Judo person is not big.