deictic determiners, and question word /dono/
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Q: “How much is this watch?”
A: “That watch close to you is 3, 000 yen.”
Context: There might be many other possible objects around the speaker
if the speaker just say "how much is this" with the use of "this" other
than watches.
-
how much --> ikura(いくら)
-
be in be Noun in English --> desu(です)
Key 1: this, which is a determiner
and is not a noun, as "this" in "this watch," in English (where the object
is close to me/us) --> kono(この)
Key 2:How /kono/-NOUN, /sono/-NOUN,
and /ano/-NOUN refer to objects described with the noun with respect to
the current speaker or the hearer is the same as that of /kore/, /sore/,
and /are/.
-
this watch --> kono tokei(このとけい)
1) kono tokei-wa
ikura
-desu-ka.
this watch-TOPIC
how much -is-[+QUESTION]
このとけいは いくらですか。
Key 3: that … close to you
[determiner] in English --> sono(その)
-
that watch close to you ?
sono tokei(そのとけい)
1) sono tokei-wa
3,000-yen-desu.
that close
to you-TOPIC
3,000-yen-is
そのとけいは
3,000えんです。
Q: “How much is that watch away from me/us and you?”
A: “That watch away from both me/us and you is 4,000 yen.”
Key 4: that … away
from both me/us and you [determiner] in English --> ano(あの)
1) ano tokei-wa
ikura-desu-ka.
that watch
away from both me/us and you-TOPIC
how much-is-[+QUESTION]
あのとけいは
いくらですか。
2) ano tokei-wa
4,000-yen-desu.
that away
from both me/us and you-TOPIC
4,000-yen-is
あのとけいは
4,000えんです。