Lesson 8. Grammar Item #1

[1] I think that Mother drinks tea.

 

·          I think that … à

わたしは …と おもいます

      is Quote Particle.

·          Mother drinks tea [Formal]

à    おかあさんは おちゃを のみます

nom-imas-ru

Verb Base-Polite-Present

           ______________________________________________________

Just delete /imas/ from the polite-style sentence to get the non-polite equivalent. E.g.,

おかあさんは   おちゃを       のむ

                                              nom-ru

______________________________________________________

N.B. The plain forms are the same as the dictionary forms in the text.

 

1)わたしは おかあさんは おちゃを のむと おもいます。

 

a)   I think that Mary meets a boyfriend.

[あw+ru] à [あう]

b)  I think that Robert eats fish a lot.

[たべ+ru] à [たべる]

c)  I think that Robert studies history of Japanese.

[べんきょうs+ru] à[べんきょうsuru] à [べんきょうする]

d)  I think that Mary comes to the party.

[k+ru] à [kuru] à [くる]

 

[2] I think that Mother does not drink tea.

 

·          does not drink tea [Formal]

à    おちゃを のみません

nom-imas-en

Verb Base-Polite-Not [Classical Japanese]

           ______________________________________________________

The negative present in modern Japanese is /aない/. The form /aない/ itself is /i/-adjective. It takes a verb base. For example,

のまない

            nom-anai

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N.B. The plain forms are the same as the dictionary forms in the text.

 

2)わたしは おかあさんは おちゃを のまないと おもいます。

 

e)   I think that Robert does not meet a friend.

[あw+aない] à [あわない]

f)    I think that Robert does not eat bread.

[たべ/tabe/+aない] à [たべない]

g)  I think that Robert does not study.

[べんきょうs+ない] à [べんきょうしない]

h)  I think that Robert does not come to the party.

[k+ない] à [こない]

i)     I guess that there is a test tomorrow.

j)     I think that Mary does not drink alcohol much.

 

[3] I think that Father is busy.

 

·          a busy person

à    いそがしい ひと

busy [Present Tense] person

·          is busy [Formal]

à    いそがしい です

busy [Present Tense] is [Polite] [Linking Verb]

·          being busy

à    いそがしく

busy [Adverb]-/TE/

 

N.B. The form /desu/ attaches just to make the sentence be in the polite-style when the main verb of the sentence is together with /i/-adjective.

           ______________________________________________________

Just delete /desu/ from the polite-style sentence to get the non-polite equivalent. E.g.,

いそがしい

busy [Present]

______________________________________________________

N.B. The plain forms are the same as the dictionary forms in the text.

 

3)  わたしは おとうさんは いそがしいと おもいます。

 

[4] I think that Mother is good at cooking.

 

·          a skillful person

à    じょうず ひと

skillful [Present][Classical Japanese] person

 

·          is skillful [Formal]

à    じょうず

busy [Present Tense] is [Polite] [Linking Verb]

·          being skillful

à    じょうず

busy-being-/TE/

           ______________________________________________________

Just delete /desu/ from the polite-style sentence to get the non-polite equivalent. E.g.,

じょうず

zyouzu-d                a

zyouzu-de               aru

zyouzu-ni-TE         ar-ru

skillful-being-/TE/   exist-Present

______________________________________________________

 

4)わたしは おかあさんは りょうりが じょうずだと おもいます。

 

k)  I think that today is Thursday.

l)     I think that Mary likes rice wine.

m) Takeshi thinks that that ice cream is delicious.

 

[5] I think that Father is not busy.

 

·          a busy person

à    いそがしい ひと

busy [Present Tense] person

·          being busy

à    いそがしく

busy [Adverb] /TE/

·          is not busy [Formal]

à    いそがしく ありません

ar-imas-en

exist-Polite-not [Classical Japanese]

busy [Adverb] does not exist [Polite]

           ______________________________________________________

The form /nai/ is the negative of /ar-ru/ ‘exists’ instead of /ar-anai/. Thus, the negative of /i/-adjective is, for example,

いそがしく        ない

busy [Adverb]    there isn’t [Adjective]

______________________________________________________

N.B. The plain forms are the same as the dictionary forms in the text.

 

5)わたしは おとうさんは いそがしくないと おもいます。

 

n)  I think that Mary is not good at cooking.

o)  I think that today is not Thursday.