Lesson 8. Grammar Item #1
[1]
I think that Mother drinks tea.
· I think that … à
わたしは …と おもいます
と is Quote Particle.
· Mother drinks tea [Formal]
à おかあさんは おちゃを のみます
nom-imas-ru
Verb Base-Polite-Present
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Just delete /imas/ from the polite-style sentence to get the non-polite equivalent. E.g.,
おかあさんは おちゃを のむ
nom-ru
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N.B. The plain forms are the same as the dictionary forms in the text.
１）わたしは おかあさんは おちゃを のむと おもいます。
a) I think that Mary meets a boyfriend.
[あｗ＋ｒｕ] à [あう]
b) I think that Robert eats fish a lot.
[たべ＋ｒｕ] à [たべる]
c) I think that Robert studies history of Japanese.
[べんきょうｓ＋ｒｕ] à[べんきょうｓｕｒｕ] à [べんきょうする]
d) I think that Mary comes to the party.
[ｋ＋ｒｕ] à [ｋｕｒｕ] à [くる]
[2]
I think that Mother does not drink tea.
· does not drink tea [Formal]
à おちゃを のみません
nom-imas-en
Verb Base-Polite-Not [Classical Japanese]
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The negative present in modern Japanese is /aない/. The form /aない/ itself is /i/-adjective. It takes a verb base. For example,
のまない
nom-anai
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N.B. The plain forms are the same as the dictionary forms in the text.
２）わたしは おかあさんは おちゃを のまないと おもいます。
e) I think that Robert does not meet a friend.
[あｗ＋ａない] à [あわない]
f) I think that Robert does not eat bread.
[たべ/tabe/＋ａない] à [たべない]
g) I think that Robert does not study.
[べんきょうｓ＋ａない] à [べんきょうしない]
h) I think that Robert does not come to the party.
[ｋ＋ａない] à [こない]
i) I guess that there is a test tomorrow.
j) I think that Mary does not drink alcohol much.
[3] I think that Father is busy.
· a busy person
à いそがしい ひと
busy [Present Tense] person
· is busy [Formal]
à いそがしい です
busy [Present
Tense] is [Polite] [Linking Verb]
· being busy
à いそがしく て
busy [Adverb]-/TE/
N.B. The form /desu/ attaches just to make the sentence be in the polite-style when the main verb of the sentence is together with /i/-adjective.
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Just delete /desu/ from the polite-style sentence to get the non-polite equivalent. E.g.,
いそがしい
busy [Present]
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N.B. The plain forms are the same as the dictionary forms in the text.
３）
わたしは おとうさんは いそがしいと おもいます。
[4] I think that Mother is good at cooking.
· a skillful person
à じょうずな ひと
skillful [Present][Classical Japanese] person
· is skillful [Formal]
à じょうず です
busy [Present Tense] is [Polite] [Linking Verb]
· being skillful
à
じょうず で
busy-being-/TE/
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Just delete /desu/ from the polite-style sentence to get the non-polite equivalent. E.g.,
じょうずだ
zyouzu-d a
zyouzu-de aru
zyouzu-ni-TE ar-ru
skillful-being-/TE/ exist-Present
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４）わたしは おかあさんは りょうりが じょうずだと おもいます。
k) I think that today is Thursday.
l) I think that Mary likes rice wine.
m) Takeshi thinks that that ice cream is delicious.
[5] I think that Father is not busy.
· a busy person
à いそがしい ひと
busy [Present Tense] person
· being busy
à いそがしく て
busy [Adverb] /TE/
· is not busy [Formal]
à いそがしく ありません
ar-imas-en
exist-Polite-not [Classical Japanese]
busy [Adverb] does not exist [Polite]
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The form /nai/ is the negative of /ar-ru/ ‘exists’ instead of /ar-anai/. Thus, the negative of /i/-adjective is, for example,
いそがしく ない
busy [Adverb] there isn’t [Adjective]
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N.B. The plain forms are the same as the dictionary forms in the text.
５）わたしは おとうさんは いそがしくないと おもいます。
n) I think that Mary is not good at cooking.
o) I think that today is not Thursday.